Effect and Mechanism of Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Osteoporosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Osteoporosis （OP） is a common bone disease affecting the quality of life and causing huge medical burden to the patients and society. The occurrence of OP is mainly caused by excessive bone resorption and insufficient bone formation， which are directly influenced by external calcium ion balance. Calcium imbalance can impair bone integrity， reduce the calcium supply to the bone， and lower the calcium content in the bone， thus triggering OP. Drugs are the main anti-OP therapy in modern medicine， which， however， may cause adverse reactions and drug dependence. Chinese medicines have good clinical effects and high safety in treating OP， being suitable for long-term use. Recent studies have shown that Chinese medicines can alleviate estrogen deficiency， regulate bone cell and calcium metabolism， which is crucial for the formation and development of OP. The transient receptor potential cation channel superfamily V members 5 and 6 （TRPV5 and TRPV6， respectively） affect bone homeostasis by mediating the transmembrane calcium ion transport in the intestine （TRPV6） and kidney （TRPV5）. Therefore， TRPV5/6 is one of the key targets to understand the anti-OP mechanisms of the effective parts of Chinese medicines， which is worthy of further study. This paper summarizes the research results about the anti-OP effects of Chinese medicines in the last two decades， especially the mechanism of regulating calcium metabolism， aiming to provide new ideas for the basic research， clinical application， and drug development of OP treatment.

Anti-inflammatory and Protective Effect of Linggui Zhugantang on LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via NF-κB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of Linggui Zhugantang on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury （ALI） in mice. MethodSeventy-two 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice of SPF grade were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a dexamethasone group （5 mg·kg-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose Linggui Zhugantang groups （9.36， 4.68，2.34 g·kg-1）， with 12 mice in each group. Except for the normal group， the remaining groups underwent intranasal instillation of LPS （50 μg per mouse） for the induction of the ALI model. The treatment groups received oral administration for 7 days prior to modeling. After 12 hours of modeling， mouse lung tissues were taken to measure the wet/dry weight ratio （W/D）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the pathological morphological changes in lung tissues. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was collected for total cell count using a cell counter， and Wright-Giemsa staining was conducted to classify and quantify inflammatory cells （neutrophils and macrophages）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in BALF. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） inhibitory protein α （IκBα）， NF-κB p65， and their phosphorylated proteins， and the ratio of phosphorylated protein/total protein was calculated. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited severe lung tissue damage， disrupted alveolar structure， thickened alveolar walls， infiltration of extensive inflammatory cells and red blood cells， and significantly aggravated lung edema （P<0.01）. The total cell count， inflammatory cell count， expression levels of IL-6， and TNF-α in BALF， as well as NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated IκBα in lung tissues， were significantly upregulated in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Linggui Zhugantang groups， as well as the dexamethasone group， showed improved lung injury， reduced lung edema （P<0.01）， downregulated total cell count， neutrophil count， expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF， and NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated IκBα in lung tissues （P<0.01）， and reduced macrophage count （P<0.05）. ConclusionLinggui Zhugantang has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on LPS-induced ALI in mice， effectively reducing inflammation and promoting diuresis and edema elimination. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation.

Mechanism of Renshentang in Treatment of Atherosclerosis Based on Autophagic Effect of TRPV1 on Arterial Smooth Muscle / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Renshentang， recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber， in the treatment of atherosclerosis （AS） based on the autophagic effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 （TRPV1） on arterial smooth muscle. MethodFourteen SPF-grade 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the normal group and 70 8-week-old apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE-/-） mice were assigned to the experimental group. The AS model was induced by a high-fat diet in the mice in the experimental group for eight weeks. The model mice were then randomly divided into model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Renshentang groups （2.715， 5.43， and 10.68 g·kg-1·d-1）， and simvastatin group （0.02 g·kg-1·d-1）. Drug treatment lasted eight weeks. Serum was taken and serum total cholesterol （CHO）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were measured by assay kits to observe the changes in lipid levels in mice. The aorta was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） to observe the overall pathology of the aortic root and oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid deposition in the aortic plaque and calculate the percentage of the aortic root area to the lumen area. The protein expression of TRPV1， adenylate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK）， autophagy effector-1 （Beclin-1）， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3Ⅱ） in mouse aortic tissues was determined by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed increased serum CHO， TG， and LDL-C levels， decreased HDL-C， and increased aortic root plaque area （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Renshentang groups showed decreased levels of CHO， TG， and LDL-C in serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in the low- and medium-dose Renshentang groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the simvastatin group and the Renshentang groups showed reduced aortic root plaque area （P<0.05）， especially in the high-dose Renshentang group （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased relative expression levels of TRPV1， p-AMPK/AMPK， Beclin-1， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose Renshentang groups showed increased relative expression levels of TRPV1， p-AMPK/AMPK， Beclin-1， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe anti-AS effect of Renshentang recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber may be achieved by up-regulating TRPV1 expression to restore the level of autophagy mediated by AMPK.

Modern Pharmacological Effect of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang is a classical prescription for the treatment of chest impediment with the method of warming Yang. It is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （First Batch）， with the effect of activating Yang， dissipating mass， moving Qi and resolving phlegm. Its main symptoms include chest fullness and pain， or even chest pain radiating to the back， wheezing， coughing， shortness of breath， and Qi reversal from the hypochondrium. In modern traditional Chinese medicine， Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang is clinically used in the treatment of cardiovascular system， digestive system， respiratory system and other diseases， among which coronary heart disease， unstable angina pectoris， myocardial infarction， sinus bradycardia and other cardiovascular diseases have particularly significant effects. This paper reviewed the pharmacological studies of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang in the past 10 years. The results showed that each single medicine and the whole prescription alleviated the above cardiovascular diseases to a certain extent， with the pharmacological effects of improving intravascular environment， myocardial ischemia， myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， and myocardial hypoxia， anti-inflammation， plaque stabilisation， etc.， and the pharmacological mechanism involved the regulation of relevant active substances in vivo as well as related signaling pathways and ion channels， mainly including thromboxane B2 （TXB2）， prostacyclin I2（PGI2） and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase （PI3K/Akt/eNOS） signaling pathways， and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. In addition， the relationship between the pharmacological effects of some single medicines and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 （TRPA1） has been reported that TRPA1 is a key to understanding the mechanism of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang in treating cardiovascular diseases， which is worth of further study.

Effect of trichostatin A on lipopolysaccharide-induced injury and apoptosis of human microvascular endothelial cell / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To investigate the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A(TSA) on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced injury and apoptosis of human microvascular endothelial cell(HMEC).Methods:HMECs were used as research cells to establish LPS-induced septic cell model, which were divided into three groups according to different treatments: control group (150 μL of phosphate buffer), LPS group (150 μL of 5 μg/mL LPS), LPS+ TSA group (150 μL of 5 μg/mL LPS and 500 μg/L TSA). After cells of each group were cultured for 24 h and 48 h, the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in the culture supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the apoptosis rate of HMECs was detected by Annexin V-FTTC/PI staining, then comparison between different groups were made.Results:Compared with the control group, LDH concentration in LPS group increased significantly at 24 h[(4.67±1.27) ng/L vs. (11.57±0.83) ng/L ] and 48 h[(7.93±0.80) ng/L vs. (12.72±0.89) ng/L ]; Compared with LPS group, LDH concentration in LPS + TSA group decreased significantly at 24 h[(6.01±0.29) ng/L ] and 48 h[(5.96±0.27) ng/L ], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the apoptosis rates of HMEC cells in LPS group were significantly higher at 24 h[(0.92±0.89)% vs. (1.66±0.09)% ] and 48 h[(1.09±0.14)% vs. (5.01±0.16)%]; Compared with LPS group, the apoptosis rate of HMEC cells in LPS + TSA group significantly decreased at 24 h[(1.36±0.01)% ] and 48 h[(4.19±0.23)% ], the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TSA has the protective effect of reducing cell injury and apoptosis in sepsis.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervenes in Atherosclerosis by Regulating TLR/NLRP3 Pathway via TRPV1/TRPA1 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by lipid accumulation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The Toll-like receptor （TLR）/nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） pathway and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome pathway play a proinflammatory role， while the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 （TRPV1） and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 （TRPA1） play a protective role in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. We reviewed the relevant studies published in the last 10 years. The results showed that activation of TRPV1/TRPA1 could activate endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） and inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and cholesterol crystal （CC） to modulate the TLR/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways， thereby inhibiting TLR/NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response. A variety of compound prescriptions and active components of Chinese medicinal materials can activate TRPV1/TRPA1 or its downstream pathway to regulate the TLR/NLRP3 pathway in atherosclerosis. This paper introduces the mechanisms of compound prescriptions and active components of Chinese medicinal materials in regulating the TLR/NLRP3 pathway via TRPV1/TRPA1 in atherosclerosis. This review provides new ideas for the research on the interactions between Chinese medicines in the treatment of atherosclerosis and provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis with traditional Chinese medicine.

Nursing of patients with traumatic aortic dissection / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize the nursing experience of patients with traumatic aortic dissection.Methods:The clinical data of 72 patients with traumatic aortic dissection treated in our department from January 2009 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Maintain hemodynamic stability and prevent shock, accurate judgment and effective analgesia, safe transportation and avoid secondary damage, careful skin care during bed confinement, prevention of deep vein thrombosis, lung nursing after thoracic injury are included.Results:Totally 69 patients survived, the survival rate was 95.83%. 1 patient was critically ill before the operation and was treated with invasive ventilator at admission. After the above nursing, he could not maintain effective vital signs and died. 1 patient died of aortic dissection rupture before operation. 1 patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation after stent implantation. 1 patient suffered from skin pressure injury during hospitalization. No aortic rupture or fracture site displacement occurred in tran sit. Among the 5 patients with atelectasis, 1 died of using invasive ventilator before operation, and the other 4 patients recovered well after treatment with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. No DVT occurred in all patients during hospitalization, 1 patient was diagnosed as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism at admission. After treatment, the symptoms of pulmonary embolism improved.Conclusions:Pay attention to hemodynamic monitoring and maintenance of stability, accurate analgesia, safe transport, skin care, anticoagulation prevention of deep vein thrombosis and intraoperative bleeding, lung care after chest injury, can effectively reduce complications and promote the rehabilitation of patients.

Research progress of nursing training about physical restraint / 中国实用护理杂志

To know the status of nursing training about physical restraint among nurses in the domestic and overseas. Summarized the forms, content and the appraise tools of the results of physical restraint nursing at home and abroad so as to provide reference of nursing training about the physical restraint among nurses in the domestic.

Effects of extended nursing based on the KABP theory for medication compliance, quality of life, and self-efficacy of patients with coronary heart disease / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of extended nursing based on the knowledge, attitude, belief, practice (KABP) theory for medication compliance, quality of life, and self-efficacy of patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:One-hundred-and-three patients were selected with coronary heart disease, treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2017 to August 2019.Participants were divided via simple randomization into a control group (with 49 cases) and a test group (with 54 cases). The control group received routine follow-up care after discharge. The test group received extended nursing based on the KABP theory for their routine follow-up. Guided by knowledge, belief, and behavior theory, the control group was provided with continuous health guidance and rehabilitation care after discharge. Medication compliance between the two groups at discharge and three-months follow-up was compared with the Morisky medication compliance (MMAS-8) scale. Quality of life scores and self-efficacy scores between the two groups were compared at discharge and three months after discharge, via the Seattle Angina Scale (SAQ) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).Results:Differences between the two groups were not statistically significant in terms of gender, age, course of disease, body mass index, New York Heart Association grading, comorbidities, marital status, and education level ( P>0.05). Test group scores of the following measures were higher than those in the control groups, respectively, at three months after discharge (all P<0.001): MMAS-8 (6.0±0.6 vs. 4.8±0.5), physical limitation (34.0±3.6 vs. 27.2±3.1), angina pectoris steady state (3.4±0.4 vs. 2.8±0.3), disease awareness (11.9±1.0 vs. 9.1±0.8), total SAQ (70.4±7.6 vs. 64.0±7.1), effort (7.0±0.7 vs.6.0±0.7), goal achievement (7.1±0.8 vs.6.0±0.7), self-expectation (7.2±0.8 vs.5.1±0.6), and GSES (36.9±4.1 vs. 27.1±3.2). An interaction between time and group effects was present (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Extended nursing based on the KABP theory can promote the compliance of patients with coronary heart disease and improve their quality of life and self-efficacy.

Detection of circulating histone H4 in children under one year old with sepsis / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To identify the differences of circulating histone H4 (hH4) levels in different phrase of children under 1 year old with sepsis, investigating its possible role in the process of sepsis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 40 sepsis patients aged between 1 and 12 months old who were ad-mitted in PICU of Shenzhen Maternity and Children Healthcare Hospital between November 2016 and December 2017. Their clinical data were reviewed,and then they were categorized into three groups,non-criti-cal group(n=21),critical group(n=11) and extremely critical group(n=8) by Pediatric Critical Illness Score ( PCIS) . Forty children of the same age group with no signs of infection were enrolled as control group. Plasma from 4 groups on admission day and the third day after admission were collected. Plasma hH4 levels of all samples were measured and all parameters were reconfigured and statistically analyzed. Results HH4 levels of samples were collected from sepsis group on admission day:non-critical group (97. 22 ± 16. 92)μg/L,criti-cal group (148. 09 ± 33. 00)μg/L,extremely critical group (195. 04 ± 45. 85)μg/L. HH4 levels of all three sub groups were significantly higher than those of control group [(46. 07 ± 18. 06)μg/L, H = 64. 16, P<0. 001]. Data of the third day were as follow:non-critical group (98. 96 ± 16. 29)μg/L,critical group (152. 57 ± 29. 04)μg/L,extremely critical group (239. 52 ± 49. 84)μg/L. Comparing the parameters of the first and the third admission day,hH4 levels of both non-critical group (Z= -1. 42,P=0. 16) and critical group (Z= -1. 48,P=0. 14) showed no significant difference. However,hH4 levels of extremely critical group were significantly increased on the third admission day (Z= -2. 67,P=0. 008). Setting the discharge day or the seventh day after admission as the endpoint of the observation, hH4 levels of the death group [241. 53(229. 19,245. 07)μg/L]were significantly higher than that of the survival group[115. 21(96. 38,136. 15)μg/L,Z= -2. 80,P=0. 005]. Among the sepsis,hH4 levels were negatively correlated with their PCIS results on admission day(r= -0. 853,P<0. 001). The hH4 levels were also negatively correlated with the patients'PCIS score changes on the third day after admission(r = -0. 554,P <0. 001). Conclusion The levels of circulating hH4 in sepsis children are co-related to the prognosis and severity suggesting that it may affect the process of the sepsis in certain ways.

Effect of silencing MagT1 on the content of magnesium ion and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes / 重庆医学

Objective The changes of Mg2+ concentration and cell apoptosis were detected by using siRNA to silence MagT1 in rat cardio myocytes.Methods MagT1 siRNA sequences were designed and synthetized,then transfected into primary cultured rat myocardial cell for silencing MagT1.The expression of MagT1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The changes of Mg2+ concentration in the cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy.Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the cell apoptosis.Results Compared with negative siRNA group,MagT1 siRNA transfected rat cardiomyocytes after 48 h,MagT1 mRNA silence efficiency was 51.83 ％ (P＜0.05),the silence of MagT1 protein efficiency was 56.75 ％ (P＜0.05),intracellular Mg2+ concentration was reduced by 29.13％ (P＜0.05),the apoptosis rate was 31.18％ (P＜0.01);MagT1 siRNA transfected rat cardiomyocytes after 60 h,MagT1 mRNA silence efficiency was 86.91％ (P＜0.01),the silence of MagT1 protein efficiency was 83.85％ (P＜0.01),intracellular Mg2+ concentration was reduced by 41.32％ (P＜0.01),the apoptosis rate was 40.61％ (P＜0.01).Conclusion After the silencing of MagT1,the concentration of Mg2+ in the cells decreased significantly,the apoptotic rate increased significantly,cell life activities are greatly affected.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty, percutaneous kyphoplasty and expansive pedicle screw fixation for repairing primary osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty, percutaneous kyphoplasty and expandable pedicle screw fixation can treat primary osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. The three methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the methods and clinical effects of primary osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS:Clinical data of 61 patients with primary osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures were col ected and retrospectively analyzed. Perioperative preparation must be done. Al patients were treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty, percutaneous kyphoplasty and expansive pedicle screw fixation. We recorded Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before treatment, 3 months after treatment, as wel as sagittal index (SI) and Cobb angle of vertebral fracture before treatment, 3 days and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Al cases were fol owed up for 12-18 months. (2) There was no significant difference in VAS scores, ODI, SI and Cobb angle of vertebral fracture among the three groups of patients preoperatively. (3) At 3 months after treatment, there were significant differences in VAS scores and ODI in the three groups as compared with that preoperation (P0.05). (4) SI and Cobb angle of vertebral fracture were significantly increased;the difference was statistical y significant (P0.05), and was better than the percutaneous vertebroplasty group (P<0.05). (5) Three kinds of treatment can effectively restore the vertebral height and intensity, relieve pain and stabilize the spine, and no significant vertebral compression was found in the short term. However, restoration of postoperative vertebral height was better in percutaneous kyphoplasty and expansive pedicle screw fixation groups than in the percutaneous vertebroplasty group. In view of their respective indications, advantages and disadvantages, the key point of raising therapeutic effect was to choose appropriate surgical procedures.

Clinical Observation of Tenofovir Combined with Interferonα1b for Chronic Hepatitis B / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of individual antiviral therapy of tenofovir combined with inter-feron α1b for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS:96 CHB patients were randomly divided into control group,observation group A and observation group B,with 32 cases in each group. Control group was given entecavir orally,0.5 mg,qd;observation group A was given tenofovir orally,1 piece,qd;observation group B was additionally given interferon α1b,50 μg,3 times a week,on the basis of observation group A. The treatment course lasted for 48 weeks in 3 groups. Clinical efficacy of 3 groups was compared,and the changes of serum liver function indexes,HBV-DNA negative conversion rate and the occurrence of ADR were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS:The total effective rate of observation group B(84.38%)was significantly higher than that of observation group A(62.60%)and control group(37.50%),and that of observation group A was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance (P0.05). The negative rate of HBV-DNA in observation group B were significantly higher than those in control group and observation group A after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment,with statistical significance(P0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 3 groups. CON-CLUSIONS:Tenofovir combined with interferon α1b shows significant clinical efficacy for CHB,and is significantly better than that of entecavir and tenofovir alone.

Impact of human papillomavirus multi-infections on the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and invasive cervical cancer / 实用医学杂志

Objective To determine the incidence rate of HPV infection or multi-infections at different stages of cervical lesions in the development of cervical cancer , and the impact of specific types of HPV multi-infections on the risk of cervical cancer. Methods 103 samples of cervical tissues were detected and then divid-ed into ICC/HSIL group and LSIL/NILMF group according to the degree of pathological changes. HPV type was determined by PCR product sequencing. E6 nested multiplex PCR was performed to detect HPV multi-infections. Odds ratios were calculated to determinate the association between the sample category (LSIL/NILM or ICC/HSIL) and the specific types of HPV multi-infections. Results In HPV-positive samples, the rate of multi-in-fections had no significant differences between the two groups. Coinfection of HPV68 with HPV16 increased the risk of ICC/HSIL, as compared with HPV16 or HPV68 infection alone. Conclusions High-risk HPV coinfec-tions has a higher risk to induce ICC/HSIL than does HPV infection alone.

Xingshentongqiao decoction mediates proliferation, apoptosis, orexin-A receptor and orexin-B receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression and represses mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hypocretin (HCRT) signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy and can be significantly influenced by Chinese herbal therapy. Our previous study showed that xingshentongqiao decoction (XSTQ) is clinically effective for the treatment of narcolepsy. To determine whether XSTQ improves narcolepsy by modulating HCRT signaling, we investigated its effects on SH-SY5Y cell proliferation, apoptosis, and HCRT receptor 1/2 (orexin receptor 1 [OX1R] and orexin receptor 2 [OX2R]) expression. The signaling pathways involved in these processes were also assessed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effects of XSTQ on proliferation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells were assessed using cell counting kit-8 and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assays. OX1R and OX2R expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Western blotting for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation was performed to further assess the signaling mechanism of XSTQ.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>XSTQ reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. This effect was accompanied by the upregulation of OX1R and OX2R expression and the reduced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>XSTQ inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. XSTQ also promotes OX1R and OX2R expression. These effects are associated with the repression of the Erk1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways. These results define a molecular mechanism for XSTQ in regulating HCRT and MAPK activation, which may explain its ability to treat narcolepsy.</p>

Therapeutic Effect of Beehive Extract for Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of beehive extract for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods Sixty qualified subjects were evenly randomized into large dose group and small dose group, 30 in each group. The large dose group was given oral use of beehive extract 15 g per time, and the small dose group was given 5 g per time, three times per day. One week constituted a treatment period, and the treatment lasted 4 courses. After treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated in both groups. Follow-up was carried out one month after suspension of medicine. Results ( 1) The total effective rate was 90.00% in the large dose group, and was 93.00% in the small dose group, and the rank sum test results showed the difference was insignificant between the two groups (P>0.05) . (2) After treatment and during follow-up, the scores of general symptom Visual Analog Scale ( Uni-VAS) and the scores of Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire ( RQLQ) were decreased in both groups ( P0.05) . Conclusion Oral use of large or small dose of beehive extract shows certain therapeutic effect for allergic rhinitis by obviously relieving the symptoms of patients. The effect of large dose is similar to small dose, but the long-term effect of large dose is better.

Correlation of lipid profile levels with deoxyribonucleic acid damage and total antioxidant capacity levels in obese pregnant women / 医学研究生学报

Objective The article aimed to investigate the correlation of lipid profile levels with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in obese pregnant women. Methods Healthy pregnant women (n=120 ) who took routine prenatal care from August 2011 to August 2012 in our hospital were recruited .All the pregnant women were di-vided into normal weight group ( n =45 ) and obese group ( n=75 ) .The lipid profile levels , DNA damage and TAC levels of two groups were compared and analyzed , and the correlations among lipid profile levels , DNA damage and TAC levels were analyzed . Results Compared to normal weight group , obese group showed significantly higher levels of TC (P=0.000), TG(P=0.000), and LDL-c(P=0.004), but a lower level of HDL-c (P=0.006).The DNA damage and TAC level of obese group were obviously higher than those of normal weight group (P=0.000, P=0.000).The DNA damage was positively correlated with levels of TC , TG and LDL-c among obese pregnant women (r=0.23, P=0.026;r=0.26, P=0.008;r=0.19, P=0.032), and TAC level was positive-ly correlated with TG level (r=0.32,P=0.000). Conclusion Dyslipidemia, imbalance of prooxidant and antioxidant status al-ways occur to obese pregnant women .The DNA damage is positively correlated with levels of TC , TG and LDL-c among obese pregnant women, and TAC is positively correlated with TG level .

Effect of glutaraldehyde cross-linking on the properties of chitosan/hydroxyapatite-gentamicin delayed materials / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Cross-linking is a common method for the modification of bone tissue engineering materials, but there are few studies about the effect of cross-linking on properties of drug-loaded artificial bone. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of glutaraldehyde cross-linking on mechanical strength, degradation rate and in vitro release behavior of chitosan/hydroxyapatite-gentamicin delayed materials. METHODS:The chitosan/hydroxyapatite-gentamicin drug-loaded artificial bone and the cross-linked chitosan/hydroxyapatite-gentamicin drug-loaded artificial bone were prepared at 10%, 20%and 30%chitosan mass ratio. The mechanical strength, absorption rate, degradation rate and in vitro release behavior of materials in each group were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The compressive strength of 10%, 20%, 30%chitosan/hydroxyapatite-gentamicin drug-loaded artificial bone was (10.16±1.17) MPa, (28.4±0.64) MPa and (23.28±1.30) MPa, respectively. After cross-linking, the strength was increased to (36.3±1.20) MPa, (51.6±2.08) MPa and (36.9±3.22) MPa, respectively. The absorption rate and degeneration rate were reduced by cross-linking. In the first day of drug release in vitro, the rate of gentamicin released from non-cross-linked 30%chitosan/hydroxyapatite-gentamicin drug-loaded artificial bone was 42.2%, while the rate was decreased to 33.6%after cross-linking. At the fol owing 9 days, the total release of the cross-linked material was lower than that of non-cross-linked material. Glutaraldehyde cross-linking could improve the stability, reduce the degradation rate, and significantly ameliorate the release of artificial bone.

Experimental study of Gexia-Zhuyu decoction combined with cyclophosphamide on tumor interstitial in rats of EAC liver cancer / 国际中医中药杂志

ObjectiveTo study the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of Gexia-Zhuyu decoction combined with cyclophosphamide on EAC liver cancer mice.MethodsChoose EAC liver cancer mice cell lines and production of animal models of tumor.The mice were completely randomized into blank group,model group,the Chinese medicine group,CTX group,Chinese medicine and CTX group.The blank group and model group were given normal saline 0.4 ml/d; traditional Chinese medicine group was administrated with Gexia-Zhuyu decoction (11 g/kg body weight ) 0.4 ml/d gavage; CTX group was given intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/ml of cyclophosphamide 0.4 ml/d; and traditional Chinese medicine and CTX group was given Gexia Zhuyu decoction 0.4 ml/d orally and CTX intraperitoneal injection of 0.4 ml/d.Ten days after the administration,the body weight of mice and the general condition were tested,and morphology was observed under the light microscope electron microscope mesenchymal tumor angiogenesis situation.Results Gexia-Zhuyu decoction combined with cyclophosphamide in mice could improve appetite,gain weight,and greatly reduce the tumor stroma in the number of capillaries under the electron microscope together with significant pathological morphological changes.Conclusion Gexia-Zhuyu decoction combined with cyclophosphamide had anti-cancer effects which can improve the quality of life and inhibit the growth of tumor in interstitial capillaries.

Selective nerve-root block for the relief of pain resulting from osteoporotic vertebral fractures / 中华麻醉学杂志

Twenty-three patients with pain from osteoporotic vertebral fractures,aged 65-90 yr,weighing 51-78 kg,received an image intensifier-assisted nerve-root block with a 6-8 ml mixture of 0.5 ％ lidocaine,mecobalamine 0.5 mg and betamethasone sodium phosphate injection 5.26 mg in a prone or lateral position.The VAS scores before operation,at 0,1 week,1 and 3 months after operation were 8.6 ± 0.9,1.5 ± 0.7,2.8 ± 0.9,1.6 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 0.7,respectively.VAS scores were significantly lower at each time pint after operation than before operation (P ＜ 0.05).According to modified MacNab standard,the effectiveness of treatment was rated as excellent/good in 87％ of the patients.No complication such as bleeding,hematoma,infection,pneumothorax,hemopneumothorax,headache was found during or after operation.Selective nerve-root block is effective in the treatment of pain resulting from osteoporotic vertebral fractures in patients.